Province of Quebec (1763–1791)

The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War. Great Britain acquired Canada by the Treaty of Paris when King Louis XV of France and his advisors chose to keep the territory of Guadeloupe for its valuable sugar crops instead of New France. By the Royal Proclamation of 1763, Canada (part of New France) was renamed the Province of Quebec.

In 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act that allowed Quebec to restore the use of French customary law ("Coutume de Paris") in private matters alongside the British common law system, and allowing the Catholic Church to collect tithes. The act also enlarged the boundaries of Quebec to include the Ohio Country and Illinois Country, from the Appalachian Mountains on the east, south to the Ohio River, west to the Mississippi River and north to the southern boundary of lands owned by the Hudson's Bay Company, or Rupert's Land.

Through Quebec, the British Crown retained access to the Ohio and Illinois Countries even after the Treaty of Paris, which was meant to have ceded this land to the United States. By well-established trade and military routes across the Great Lakes, the British continued to supply not only their own troops but a wide alliance of Native American nations through Detroit, Fort Niagara, Fort Michilimackinac, and so on, until these posts were turned over to the United States following the Jay Treaty (1794).

Quebec retained its seigneurial system after the conquest. Owing to an influx of Loyalist refugees from the American Revolutionary War, the demographics of Quebec came to shift and now included a substantial English-speaking, Anglican or Protestant element from the former Thirteen Colonies. These United Empire Loyalists settled mainly in the Eastern Townships, Montreal, and what was known then as the pays d'en haut (high country) west of the Ottawa River. The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the colony in two at the Ottawa River, so that the western part (Upper Canada) could be under the British legal system, with English speakers in the majority. The eastern part was named Lower Canada.

1 Lieutenant-Governors of the Province of Quebec 1763–1791
2 Counsellors to the governor
3 See also
4 Bibliography
5 References

Lieutenant-Governors of the Province of Quebec 1763–1791

After the capitulation of Montreal in 1760, New France was placed under military government. Civil government was instituted in 1764

James Murray 1760-1766
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester 1766-1778
Sir Frederick Haldimand 1778–1786^[1]
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester 1786–1796

Counsellors to the governor

For more details on this topic, see Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec.

The Province of Quebec did not have an elected legislature and was ruled directly by the governor with advice from counsellors. A council responsible to advise the governor (then James Murray) on all affairs of state was created in 1764. In 1774, the Quebec Act created a Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec to advise the governor on legislative affairs. The Legislative Council served as an advisory council to the governor until a legislative assembly was established after 1791.

The individuals James Murray called into the council from 1764 to 1766:

Member	Appointment	Notes
Chief Justice William Gregory	1764	served until 1766
Chief Justice William Hey (1733-1797)^[2]	1764	Chief Justice of Quebec 1766-1773
Attorney General George Suckling (1759-178?)	1764	lawyer; served until 1766; most of his career was in the West Indies
Lieutenant Paulus Aemilius Irving (1714-1796)	1764	served until 1768; acting President of the Council 1766-1768; commander-in-Chief of British Forces in Quebec and administrator 1766-1768
Hector Theophilus de Cramahé (1720-1788)	1764	served until 1766 Lieutenant Governor of Quebec 1771-1782; later member of the Legislative Council
Adam Mabane (1734–1792)	1764	served until 1766; British Army physician and judge; later member of the Legislative Council 1775-1792
Walter Murray (1701?-1772)	1764	served until 1771; relative to then Governor Murray; British Army officer under James Wolfe; head of the Port of Quebec and justice of the peace and Receiver General
Captain Samuel Holland (1728-1801)	1764	served until 1770?; British Army officer and served as first Surveyor General of British North America
Thomas Dunn (1729-1818)	1764	served until 1774; colonial administrator and soldier; merchant; master in the Court of Chancery 1764; later member of the Legislative Council
François Mounier (?-1769)	1764	served until 1769; Hugenot merchant, justice of the peace; examiner in the Court of Chancery and judge of the Court of Common Pleas 1764-1769
Captain James Cuthbert Sr. (1719-1798)	1766	served until 1774; army officer (15th Regiment of Foot), merchant, justice of the peace; Seigneur of Berthier
Benjamin Price (?-1768 or 1769)	1764	served until 1768; merchant, justice of the peace, master in the Court of Chancery 1764-1768

List of councillors under Carleton from 1766 to 1774:

Member	Appointment	Notes
Chief Justice William Hey	1766	appointed during Murray's term as Governor; Chief Justice of Quebec 1766-1773
Attorney General Francis Maseres (1731-1724)	1766	served until 1769; lawyer, office holder, and author
Lieutenant Paulus Aemilius Irving (1714-1796)	1764	appointed during Murray's term as governor and till 1768; acting President of the Council 1766-1768; commander-in-chief of British Forces in Quebec and administrator 1766-1768
Hector Theophilus de Cramahé (1720-1788)	1764	appointed during Murray's term as governor and served until 1771; Lieutenant Governor of Quebec 1771-1782; later member of the Legislative Council
Adam Mabane (1734–1792)	1764	appointed during Murray's term as governor and served until 1766; British Army physician and judge; later member of the Legislative Council 1775-1792
Walter Murray (1701?-1772)	1764	appointed during Murray's term as governor and served until 1771; relative to then Governor Murray; British Army officer under James Wolfe; head of the Port of Quebec and justice of the peace and Receiver General
Captain Samuel Holland (1728-1801)	1764	appointed during Murray's term as governor and served until 1770; British Army officer and served as first Surveyor General of British North America
Thomas Dunn (1729-1818)	1764	appointed during Murray's term as governor and unilt 1774; colonial administrator and soldier; merchant; master in the Court of Chancery 1764; later member of the Legislative Council
François Mounier	1764	appointed during Murray's term as governor and served until 1769; Hugenot merchant, justice of the peace; examiner in the Court of Chancery and judge of the Court of Common Pleas 1764-1769
Captain James Cuthbert Sr. (1719-1798)	1766	appointed during Murray's term as governor and served until 1774; army officer (15th Regiment of Foot), merchant, justice of the peace; Seigneur of Berthier
Benjamin Price (?-1768 or 1769)	1764	appointed during Murray's term as governor and served until 1768; merchant, justice of the peace, master in the Court of Chancery 1764-1768

Bibliography

Burt, Alfred LeRoy. The Old Province of Quebec. Toronto: Ryerson Press; Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1933. Reprinted Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1968.
Lahaise, Robert and Vallerand, Noël. Le Québec sous le régime anglais : les Canadiens français, la colonisation britannique et la formation du Canada continental. Outremont, Québec : Lanctôt, 1999.
Neatby, Hilda. Quebec: the revolutionary age 1760-1791. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1966.

References

^ London Gazette: no. 11867. p. 1. 18 April 1778.
^ Hey, William

Former colonies and territories in Canada

Norse	Named Territories: Vinland • Sites: L'Anse aux Meadows

French	Claims: New France (Acadia • Isle St-Jean • Île Royale • Canada • Terre Neuve) Important sites: Port Royal • Quebec •Trois-Rivières • Montreal • Louisbourg • Plaisance• List of towns • List of Forts

Spanish	Sites: Nootka Sound • Other: Expeditions

Scottish	Claims: Nova Scotia (1621) • Sites: Port Royal Colony

Russian	Claims: Russian America

American	Claims: Oregon Country

English & British	Claims: Rupert's Land • Nova Scotia (1710) • Quebec • Lower and Upper Canada • New Brunswick • Prince Edward Island • Cape Breton • United Canada • New Caledonia • Columbia District • Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands • Colony of Vancouver Island • Colony of British Columbia • Stickeen Territories • North-Western Territory • Red River Colony • United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia • Important sites: Cuper's Cove • York Factory • Halifax • Victoria • Fort Langley • List of HBC sites

Norway	Claims: Sverdrup Islands

Related	Territorial evolution of Canada after 1867 • List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States • Proposals for new Canadian provinces and territories

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Europe

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19th century
1800–1964 Malta
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20th century
1921–1937 Irish Free State

North America

17th century 1583–1907 Newfoundland 1605–1979 *Saint Lucia 1607–1776 Virginia since 1619 Bermuda 1620–1691 Plymouth Colony 1623–1883 Saint Kitts (Saint Kitts & Nevis)* 1624–1966 *Barbados 1625–1650 Saint Croix 1627–1979 *St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1628–1883 Nevis (Saint Kitts & Nevis)* 1629–1691 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1632–1776 Maryland since 1632 Montserrat 1632–1860 Antigua (Antigua & Barbuda)* 1636–1776 Connecticut 1636–1776 Rhode Island 1637–1662 New Haven Colony 1643–1860 Bay Islands since 1650 Anguilla 1655–1850 Mosquito Coast (protectorate) 1655–1962 *Jamaica 1663–1712 Carolina 1664–1776 New York 1665–1674 and 1702-1776 New Jersey since 1666 British Virgin Islands since 1670 Cayman Islands 1670–1973 *Bahamas 1670–1870 Rupert's Land 1671–1816 Leeward Islands 1674–1702 East Jersey 1674–1702 West Jersey 1680–1776 New Hampshire 1681–1776 Pennsylvania 1686–1689 Dominion of New England 1691–1776 Massachusetts	18th century 1701–1776 Delaware 1712–1776 North Carolina 1712–1776 South Carolina 1713–1867 Nova Scotia 1733–1776 Georgia 1762–1974 *Grenada 1763–1978 Dominica 1763–1873 Prince Edward Island 1763–1791 Quebec 1763–1783 East Florida 1763–1783 West Florida 1784–1867 New Brunswick 1791–1841 Lower Canada 1791–1841 Upper Canada since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands	19th century 1818–1846 Columbia District / Oregon Country¹ 1833–1960 Windward Islands 1833–1960 Leeward Islands 1841–1867 Province of Canada 1849–1866 Vancouver Island 1853–1863 Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands 1858–1866 British Columbia 1859–1870 North-Western Territory 1860–1981 *British Antigua and Barbuda 1862–1863 Stikine Territory 1866–1871 Vancouver Island and British Columbia 1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada² 1871–1964 British Honduras (Belize)* 1882–1983 *St. Kitts and Nevis 1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago 20th century 1907–1949 Dominion of Newfoundland³ 1958–1962 West Indies Federation
¹Occupied jointly with the United States ²In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. see Canada's name. ³Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.

South America

17th century 1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname) 1670–1688 St. Andrew and Providence Islands⁴	18th century	19th century 1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana) since 1833 Falkland Islands⁵ 20th century since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands⁵
⁴Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia ⁵Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982

Africa

18th century 1792–1961 Sierra Leone 1795–1803 Cape Colony	19th century 1806–1910 Cape Colony 1810–1968 Mauritius 1816–1965 Gambia 1856–1910 Natal 1868–1966 Basutoland (Lesotho) 1874–1957 Gold Coast (Ghana) 1882–1922 Egypt 1884–1966 Bechuanaland (Botswana) 1884–1960 British Somaliland 1887–1897 Zululand 1888–1894 Matabeleland 1890–1965 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) ⁶ 1890–1962 Uganda 1890–1963 Zanzibar (Tanzania) 1891–1964 Nyasaland (Malawi) 1891–1907 British Central Africa Protectorate 1893–1968 Swaziland 1895–1920 East Africa Protectorate 1899–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan	20th century 1900–1914 Northern Nigeria 1900–1914 Southern Nigeria 1900–1910 Orange River Colony 1900–1910 Transvaal Colony 1906–1954 Nigeria Colony 1910–1931 South Africa 1911–1964 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 1914–1954 Nigeria Colony and Protectorate 1915–1931 South West Africa (Namibia) 1919–1960 Cameroons (Cameroon) ⁷ 1920–1963 Kenya 1922–1961 Tanganyika (Tanzania) ⁷ 1954–1960 Nigeria 1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) ⁶
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Asia

17th Century
1685-1824 Bencoolen
(Sumatra)

18th century
1702–1705 Côn Đảo
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1762–1764 Manila
1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1796–1965 Maldives

19th century
1812-1824 Banka (Sumatra)
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1819–1826 British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore)
1824-1946 Straits Settlement of Malacca

1826–1946 Straits Settlements
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1841–1997 Hong Kong
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1848-1946 Crown colony of Labuan

1858–1947 British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma)
1879–1919 Afghanistan
1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia)
1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States
1888–1984 Sultanate of Brunei
1888–1946 Sultanate of Sulu
1891–1971 Muscat and Oman protectorate
1892–1971 Trucial States protectorate
1895–1946 Federated Malay States
1898–1930 Weihai Garrison
1878–1960 Cyprus

20th century
1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate
1920–1932 Iraq⁷
1921–1946 Transjordan⁷
1923–1948 Palestine⁷
1945–1946 South Vietnam
1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia)
1946–1963 Singapore
1946–1948 Malayan Union
1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia)
since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus)
since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)

⁷League of Nations mandate

Oceania

18th century 1788–1901 New South Wales	19th century 1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1807–1863 Auckland Islands⁸ 1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 1824–1901 Queensland 1829–1901 Swan River Colony/Western Australia 1836–1901 South Australia since 1838 Pitcairn Islands 1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand 1851–1901 Victoria 1874–1970 Fiji⁹ 1877–1976 British Western Pacific Territories 1884–1949 Territory of Papua 1888–1965 Cook Islands⁸ 1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau)⁸ 1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands¹⁰ 1893–1978 British Solomon Islands¹¹	20th century 1900–1970 Tonga (protected state) 1900–1974 Niue⁸ 1901–1942 *Commonwealth of Australia 1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand 1919–1942 Nauru 1945–1968 Nauru 1919–1949 Territory of New Guinea 1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea¹²
⁸Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand ⁹Suspended member ¹⁰Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu ¹¹Now the *Solomon Islands ¹²Now *Papua New Guinea

Antarctica and South Atlantic

17th century since 1659 St. Helena¹³	19th century since 1815 Ascension Island¹³ since 1816 Tristan da Cunha¹³	20th century since 1908 British Antarctic Territory¹⁴
¹³Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922—) and Tristan da Cunha (1938—) were previously dependencies of St Helena ¹⁴Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)

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Province of Quebec (1763–1791)

Contents

Lieutenant-Governors of the Province of Quebec 1763–1791

Counsellors to the governor

See also

Bibliography

References